Hypertension is a leading global health concern, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications, physical activity, and weight management, are established non-pharmacological approaches to reduce blood pressure. This study synthesized evidence from various trials and observational studies to evaluate the efficacy and sustainability of lifestyle interventions in managing hypertension. A comprehensive review of 13 studies, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and interventional designs, was conducted. Studies included adults with hypertension or high cardiovascular risk profiles and evaluated lifestyle interventions such as the DASH diet, physical activity programs, and culturally tailored behavioral strategies. Outcomes assessed included changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, adherence rates, and additional cardiovascular risk factors over varied follow-up periods. Lifestyle interventions demonstrated consistent reductions in systolic blood pressure, ranging from 3.5 to 12.5 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, ranging from 2.0 to 7.9 mmHg. Combined approaches, such as dietary modifications with supervised physical activity and weight loss, showed the greatest efficacy. Long-term adherence, however, was variable, with partial weight regain and corresponding blood pressure increases observed in some studies. Sociocultural tailoring of interventions enhanced engagement and adherence, particularly in underserved populations. Factors such as education, self-efficacy, and social support significantly influenced intervention success. Lifestyle interventions were effective in managing hypertension and reducing cardiovascular risk. Tailored strategies addressing adherence barriers and sociocultural factors were critical for sustaining long-term benefits. Further research is needed to evaluate scalable and accessible interventions for diverse populations.
Key words: Lifestyle, modification, hypertension, family medicine clinics, systematic review
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