Diabetes mellitus (DM) has an important relation with thyroid hormones (TH) dysfunctions, and if analyzed accurately, may contribute to the diagnosis of clinical conditions such as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR). Relevant studies are being made about the role of TH in mediating metabolic actions related to DM, acting in many glands and energetic subtracts regulator tissues. Some issues, such as the action of TH over the ionic regulation in the cells, altering actions in different paths; its role over the negative feedback by downregulations upon insulin action, but provoking an increase in β pancreatic cells proliferations, point out important directions to research. The mechanisms of action related to thyroid hormones and the insulinotropic action form a counterbalance, and if an imbalance occur (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) it may be noted the presence of DM or IR. The interactions between TH, DM and caffeine are unknown aspects in the literature, which need a better attention and the development of experimental clinic studies to elucidate their mechanisms and clinical applications.
Key words: Insulin resistance, insulin, glucose, metabolism
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