Abstract

Background:
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals, causing severe economic impacts despite low mortality.

Aim:
This study aimed to interpret the epidemiological risk factors contributing to the spread of FMD in the eastern region of Libya.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using field surveys, clinical examinations, and serological testing on 194 cattle and 2606 sheep in El-Beida and Benghazi. Odds ratios were calculated for risk factor analysis.

Results:
The prevalence was 83.5% in cattle and 54.2% in sheep. The young animals were significantly more susceptible to Rearing conditions, and geographic location impacted infection rates. Vaccination coverage was absent.

Conclusion:
Age, species, rearing style, geographic location, and lack of vaccination were significant contributors to the prevalence of FMD. These findings highlight the need for targeted control strategies, including vaccination.

Key words: East Libya; FMD; Livestock; Risk factors.