Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the theoretical frameworks, safety protocols, and risk management strategies associated with the transfer of critically ill surgical patients.

Methodology: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a structured literature search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library for studies published from 2014 to 2024. Keywords included “safe transfer,” “critically ill,” “surgical patients,” and “risk management.” Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, and study quality was assessed using the JBI and CASP tools. Thematic synthesis was employed for data interpretation.
Results: Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed four key themes: risk factors and complications, deficiencies in nursing knowledge, protocol, and equipment inconsistencies, and multidisciplinary coordination gaps. Theoretical models, including Benner’s and Kolb’s frameworks, were analyzed in clinical practice.
Conclusion: Ensuring safe transfers necessitates standardized training, protocol adherence, and effective interdisciplinary communication. Practical recommendations include structured simulation training, checklist implementation, and role-defined transport teams.

Key words: Systematic review, critical care transfer, risk management, clinical protocols, theoretical models.