Abstract

Caudal deviation of the nasal septum is characterized by deviation of the anterior nasal septum, whereas caudal septal dislocation refers to its displacement from the midline. Both conditions can cause significant functional and aesthetic problems. This study systematically reviewed surgical techniques for caudal septal deformity, analyzing reported functional and cosmetic outcomes, associated complications, and the role of classification systems in treatment selection. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library was conducted, with manual reference checking up to February 2024. Outcomes assessed included functional improvement, esthetic results, and complication rates. Forty-one articles published between 1994 and 2022 were included, encompassing 3,055 patients with a mean age range of 17–49 years. Study designs included 23 retrospective, 16 prospective, one case report, and one case-control study. Across studies, various surgical techniques have been demonstrated. Improvements in functional and esthetic outcomes. The most frequently reported complications were hemorrhage/hematoma and dorsal irregularities. This review highlighted the outcomes and complications of different surgical techniques for caudal septal deviation and dislocation and emphasizes the importance of tailoring technique selection to case complexity. Several recently developed techniques and two classification systems were also described.

Key words: Caudal septal deviation, nasal deviation, anterior dislocation, rhinoplasty, systematic review