Abstract

Background:
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) is a prevalent otolaryngologic condition that can impair hearing and adversely affect quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, public awareness, perceived risk factors, symptom recognition, and accessibility of healthcare services related to ETD among the general population in Saudi Arabia.
Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed through various social media platforms. The survey gathered information on sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of ETD, symptom recognition, perceived risk factors, and access to healthcare. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Associations between awareness levels and demographic variables were evaluated using Chi-square tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results:
A total of 414 participants completed the survey, the majority of whom were female (70.5%) and aged 18–30 years (57.0%). Nearly half (46.4%) believed that up to 25% of the Saudi population may be affected by ETD. The most commonly recognized symptoms were hearing loss, tinnitus, and ear pain (64.3%). Children and older adults were perceived as the most susceptible groups. Upper respiratory infections and allergic rhinitis were identified as major risk factors by 68.6% of respondents. Most participants (78.3%) believed ETD significantly affects quality of life, and 86.2% linked it to psychological distress. Air pollution was also perceived as a contributing factor by 73% of respondents. Although 75.1% reported that specialized ENT services are available, 20.3% noted that these are primarily concentrated in major cities.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrates a moderate level of public awareness regarding ETD in Saudi Arabia, with reasonable recognition of its symptoms and risk factors. However, inequities in the distribution of specialized ENT services highlight the need for improved healthcare accessibility. Public health initiatives focusing on community education and equitable resource allocation are warranted to enhance early recognition and management of ETD

Key words: Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD), Awareness, Risk Factors, Saudi Arabia