Abstract

The use of Color Doppler Ultrasonography in monitoring uterine and umbilical hemodynamic changes throughout pregnancy and the early postpartum period in various animal species has attracted the attention of many investigators several years ago. Throughout pregnancy, the uterine vascular system, particularly the middle uterine artery, undergoes functional and structural changes to provide a sufficient blood supply to the growing fetus and placenta, thereby meeting the fetus's nutritional requirements. With the advancement of pregnancy, the need for oxygen and nutrient supply to the growing conceptus increases dramatically, reaching the maximum during the last trimester of pregnancy. Within the first few days after parturition, the blood flow of the uterus dramatically decreased, followed by a slightly decreased pattern until the resumption of ovarian activity. the non-invasive color Doppler technique is the most widely applied technique in studying blood flow within the middle uterine and umbilical arteries in human and animal reproduction. it is widely conducted in equines, cattle, buffaloes, and small ruminants as a safe and non-invasive tool for monitoring reproductive performance. Overall, this article reviews and emphasizes the clinical applicability of Doppler ultrasound in measuring the uterine and placental blood flow in buffaloes.

Key words: Color Doppler, Buffaloes, Puerperium, uterine blood flow, Umbilical blood flow.