The infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a medical emergency as it could lead to mortality and severe complications. The arrival of infectious organisms to the CNS causes meningitis and encephalitis based on the causative organism. Thus, this study aimed to highlight the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of meningitis and encephalitis. An online research process was used to obtain articles related to the current subject. The research process involved was searching through scientific websites using several keywords to obtain all possible articles related to the current subject. Almost 75 articles were obtained, and according to the inclusion criteria, only 21 articles were included in this review, whereas 54 articles were excluded. The causes of meningitis and encephalitis could be bacterial, viral, or fungal; the diagnosis could be done using culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and imaging could differentiate between meningitis, encephalitis, and other mimic conditions. Prompt treatment should be considered to avoid severe complications and outcomes, including mortality.
Key words: Meningitis, encephalitis, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, management
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