Abstract

Background:
Testicular tumors are rare in horses, with seminoma being the most frequently described in the literature. In Morocco, many stallions used for Tbourida are intentionally kept intact, as uncastrated horses are traditionally viewed as symbols of prestige and cultural pride. This cultural practice increases the likelihood of detecting testicular pathology in mature stallions.

Case description:
A 15-year-old Arabian–Barbe stallion used in Tbourida was presented for evaluation after the owner noticed a slow, progressive enlargement of the right testis over a period of more than one year. Clinical examination revealed a firm, enlarged, right testicle while the left testis appeared normal. Post-castration assessment revealed multiple firm, lobulated masses occupying roughly two-thirds of the right testis, and a small nodular lesion near the epididymal head on the left, associated with focal hemorrhage. Histopathology confirmed the coexistence of a seminoma and a leiomyoma within the same testis.

Conclusion:
This report describes the rare coexistence of seminoma and leiomyoma within the same equine testis, along with an epididymal hematoma. Together, these findings provide valuable insight into the spectrum of testicular lesions observed in stallions and highlight the importance of a comprehensive clinical assessment supported by histopathological examination for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of testicular abnormalities in intact horses.

Key words: Seminoma; Leiomyoma; Testis tumor; Epididymal hematoma; Arabian-Barbe stallion.