Abstract

Brucellosis is among the top neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as recorded by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is referred to as neglected because it is poorly attended to when it comes to its prevention and control over a long period of time. Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella which include B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis. Animals with brucellosis are usually with a history of spontaneous abortion or infertility which invariably leads to low productivity. Brucella is transmitted from animals (cattle, dogs, swine, camels and goats) to humans through direct contact or indirect contact (ingestion of infected food products, or inhalation of aerosols). This disease has been reported as an important cause of fever of unknown origin particularly among occupationally exposed individuals. This disease is often easily misdiagnosed as other febrile syndromes such as malaria and typhoid fever. This has therefore resulted in mistreatments and underreporting. Brucellosis can be diagnosed through culturing, serological techniques, and most importantly through molecular techniques. This will enable adequate and correct treatment in order to avoid economic loss through trial-and-error approach to treatment. The road towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals, (SDGs) number 3 in the areas of good health and well-being should focus more on detection, treatment, and elimination of NTDs.

Key words: Brucellosis, Neglected tropical diseases, Brucella, Molecular techniques