Background: The majority of thyroid diseases are usually non-neoplastic conditions, such as multinodular goiter, benign cystic conditions, and thyroiditis. Overall, thyroid diseases are more common among older people, in those highly exposed to radiation, and in areas with a high incidence of iodine deficiency. This study investigated the clinico-histopathological patterns of thyroid lesions in Hail, Saudi Arabia, from 2016 to 2020.
Methodology: Surgical specimens of either lobectomies or total thyroidectomies were examined, from KKHH, Hail, between March 2016 to March 2020.
Results: Of 109 lobectomies and total thyroidectomies, 101 (92.7%) were female and 8 (7.3%) were male (M:F ratio being 6:12:1). The youngest patient was 11 years old, and the oldest was 70 years old, (mean= 39.3 +/- 10.5 years). Sixty-five cases (59.6%) were non-neoplastic, and forty-four (40.4%) were neoplastic. Non-neoplastic diseases included colloid goiter (49, 45%), hyperplastic adenomatoid nodules (13, 11.9%), Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and toxic goiter (32.7%). Among neoplastic lesions, 17 (38.6%) were benign and mostly follicular adenomas, and 27(61.4%) were malignant cases. Classical papillary carcinoma, its follicular variant as well as papillary microcarcinomas comprised 70.4% of all malignancies. Follicular malignancy with capsular invasion constituted 25.9%, while medullary carcinoma comprised 3.7% of cases.
Conclusion: Female patients are more affected by thyroid lesions than males. Benign lesions, especially multinodular goiter and adenomatoid nodules, are predominant in Hail. As in other studies, papillary carcinoma was most common, followed by follicular and medullary carcinomas. Thyroid cancers are not common in younger age groups (
Key words: Thyroid lesions, histopathological patterns, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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